Sunz Cipher

[ngonea]

Date: Sat, 2 Feb 2008 22:46:17 -0800 (PST)
From: "peggy middleton" <peggymddltn> A


Subject: INSERTS FROM "Destruction of a Black Civilization," by Chancellor Williams


To: ngonea@yahoo.com







Inserts from "Destruction of Black Civilization."

Chancellor Williams asserts that his research was a quest for some specific answers to very specific questions. Some of these were:

1. How did all-black Egypt become all-white Egypt? (Note at this point that mulattoes were classified as white in Egypt, all North Africa, and the Middle East -- a fact that still confuses Blacks in the United States where the very opposite policy was adopted.)

2. What were some of the specific details in the process that so completely blotted out the achievements of the African race from the annals of history --- just how could this be done on such a universal scale:

3. How and under what circumstances did Africans, among the very first people to invent writing, lose this art almost completely?

4. Is there a single African race, one African people?

5. If we are one race or one people, how do you explain the numerous languages, cultural varieties and tribal groupings?

6. Since, as it seemed to me there is far more diunity, self-hatred and mutual antagonisms among blacks than any other people, is there a historical explanation for this?

7. And how, in puzzling contrast, is the undying love of Blacks for their Europeans and Asian conquerors and enslavers explained?


SCOPE OF STUDY:

We began in the lands bordering the Mediterranean on the north and extending southward on both sides of the Nile below the 10th parallel, thus including Axum and neighboring kingdoms. This vast territory was the ancient Ethiopian empire, a federation of autonomous and semi-autonomous kingdoms. The study began here, importantly because this was the heartland of the African race where evidence of that first black civilization is still to be found despite all centuries of efforts to destroy it.

From the researcher's viewpoint the most important part of the investigation was the beginning of the task of singling out and clearly setting forth the precise nature of Africa's own independently developed civilization. A continent-wide study of the traditional customary laws of the Blacks, for example, enabled us to learn, for the first time, that a single constitutional system prevailed throughout all Black Africa, just as though the whole race, regardless of the countless patterns, lived under a single government. A similar continent-wide study of African social and economic systems through the millenniums reveal the same overall pattern of unity and sameness of all fundamental institutions. That there is a historical and fundamental basis for real brotherhood and unity of the black race could not have escaped the notice of all of those Europeans who have been investigating and writing about Africa over the years. But they are shrewd. Massive black unit would be massive black power which, of course, would reduce white power and its domination of the earth. So white "Africans" writers always concentrate on the "ethnic differences" among Africans, the tribal antagonism, the "hopeless" language barriers, the cultural varieties, etc. They even make a separate "ethnic" group of their own mulatto offspring's from black women by classifying them as "white" in some areas and "coloreds" in others. Hence, a system of thought and practices was developed and superimposed on an already divided race to keep it permanently divided. No one can deny that in this effort, too, the whites have been most successful.

"Blacks in the United States seem to be more mixed up and confused over the search for racial identity than anywhere else. Hence, many are dropping their white western slave masters names and adopting (why same adopting, why not same changing to correct status) (smile) --- not African, but their Arab and Berber slave master names. (He does not see the connection with black-a-moors of Spain/Europe and North Africa) The confusion will continue however, as long as the fact that millions of mulattoes in Arab countries are considered "white" is ignored along with the other fact that countless unmixed, sun-baked desert-dwelling Arabs are not only brown but some are very dark in color (tall this darkening of the skin in spite of the ages-old tradition of the thick cloth covering the face from the scorching sun). Not only did mulattoes (mules) (do not like this inferior term --- so we acknowledge this term and accept the concept of mule-lat-toes) Aren't we giving our power away? He further states, "Blacks are in Arabia for precisely the same reasons Blacks are in the United States, South America, and the Caribbean Islands --- through capture and enslavement."

In footnotes he sates: The term "black" was given a "rebirth" by the black youth revolt (this is our generation of 1960 and 1970's.) As reborn, it does not refer to the particular color of any particular person, but to the attitude of pride and devotion to the race whose homeland from times immemorial was called "The Land of the Blacks." Almost overnight our youngsters made "black" coequal with "white in respectability, and challenged the anti-black Negroes to decide on which side they stood. This was no problem for many who are light or even near-white in complexion, for they themselves are among the first to proclaim with pride, "call me black!" (I don't totally agree with this general statement, that "they" were the first to proclaim this with pride)


EUROPEAN JOURNEY:

"I arrived in England in the fall of 1953 to begin a formal studies at "OXFORD" University, primarily through the Institute of Colonial Studies and in Rhodes House (which might be more properly called Africa House). In addition to the study of documentary sources on Africa, I had other objectives (1) I wanted a more direct, close-up view of the European mind,its real attitude toward the black world. I sought to study both (2) the extent to which European wealth and power were derived directly from Africa and (3) the nature and philosophy of a European education that was shaping and determining the mentality of Africans. I was already fully aware of the disastrous effects of the white America education system on Black Americans who,k not having any other frame of reference, had to adopt the "IDEOLOGIES" and viewpoints of whites in order to survive, even when those viewpoints were against THEM.

"In both France and England I found that the system of education fostered a new kind of aristocracy -- an aristocracy of the "educated" College graduates constituted new "upper classes." The son of a carpenter or railroad conductor became estranged from his family and former friends upon receiving his university degree. A case in point was J.L., a young Englishman in my College at Oxford (Lincoln) was was one of my close friends there. He refused to go home during any of the long vacation breaks because, to quote him, "I can no longer associate with my family and old friends. I would''t know how to talk to them. We have nothing in common now, you know."

The British and European philosophy of education fitted in ideally Itch those Africans from the continent and elsewhere who, unlike J.L. came to Europe from the privileged class at home. Some of those studying in England became more British than the British, just as many from what was French West Africa became more "French" than the Frenchman."

"The first tragedy to note about the effects of this class education on Blacks is that it further reinforced colonialism's policy of perpetual disunity in Africa and elsewhere. The line dividing these black "upper" and "middle" classes from the black masses and their basic aspirations is more rigidly drawn. And this superior class mentality, becoming even more crystallized since independence, is an almost certain guarantee of future uprisings on a scale newer seen.

The second great tragedy is in the nature of what is called "education." It is mainly note learning, the ability to memorize phrases, concepts and other required data. Thinking is neither required nor expected. Critical analysis and evaluation of subject matter are not required. But the ability to absorb and recall is required.

This leads me to the study of one of the most significant developments in the entire history of the black race: an ancient system of democracy (existing before Greece) evolved from a continent-wide Constitution that governed the whole Africa people as a single race. This is all-important finding was arrived at by comparative studies of African customary laws in every region of the continent. The Europeans were confronted with a real social democracy that existed long before the terms "socialism" and democracy were invented in the "west." The people were the real "rulers, in fact, not merely in theory."


ETHIOPIA:

Ethiopia (Ethnics) the new name from Abyssinia, like the Republic of the Sudan, is also ruled by a people of mixed blood who not only do not consider themselves African by race, but who maintain a privileged class society based upon color. To them, all black-skinned Africans are Bantu. To these they feel superior by reason of "white blood," and their discriminatory practices are just as subtle and real as those of the whiles. And although the enslavement of black-skinned Africans continues in both countries even in our times, both the Sudan and the new Ethiopia have adopted the "brotherhood Front" since the sudden rise of so many independent African states. This enable Sudan to serve as the "bridge" between the Arab world and the new black states, and thus control or influence their international policies through the United Nations; and Ethiopia is able to control, more directly, or influence Black Africa through Western backing in establishing the headquarters of the Organization of African Unity in Addis Abba and pushing Haile Selassie into the key role of continent-wide leadership, thus blocking the "dangerous" influence of Kwame Nkrumah (It is because of my steadfast refusal to either skip or gloss over these aspects of the historical record that I am criticized by many "Negroes" -- and I know exactly when to use this term)"

And now southward to the full white-ruled lands here hostility to a black face was fully expected: Rhodesia and South Africa. Long before reaching Southern Africa I was told I might as well skip Rhodesia, and that even if I was admitted into South Africa I would not be permitted to work. But Rhodesia, to the surprise of just about everyone, pulled out all stops as though it had resolved to outmatch all the black states in amenities and various kinds of assistance beyond all expectations or needs. There was the usual press conference, followed by front page headline coverage of my mission. The other surprise was an invitation for TV and radio broadcasts by the nation. Our Zimbabwe friends were somewhat suspicious of the motives behind all this red carpet treatment for a Black American, especially when it continued after my uncompromising replies to questions on a TV broadcast panel session. The Ministry of the Interior had an interpreter flown 300 miles to join me when I visited his particular language group, the Ndebele. The only objectionable incidents occurred when, on two different occasions in different places, two district officers offered to attend my meetings with Chiefs and the Council of Elders. I objected and the matter was closed.

THE OVERVIEW:

"THE LAND OF THE BLACKS WAS A VAST LAND, A BIG WORLD unto itself cover 12,000,000 square miles. From its northernmost point in hat is now Tunisia to Cape Aqaulhas is approximately 5,000 miles, and its widest extent from east to west it is 4,600 miles. The whole of this second largest continent was once "Bilad as Sudan." The land of the Blacks,: and not just the southern region to which they had been steadily pushed from the north. After Asian, Greek and Roman occupations, the term "Sudan" came to indicate the areas not yet taken from the Blacks and was co-extensive with the Ethiopian empire."

For the Ethiopian empire once extended from the Mediterranean north and southward to the source of the Nile in the country (Abyssinia) which recently reverted to the ancient name of the Ethiopian empire of which in earlier times it formed its southeastern provinces. Even as late as the times of Menes, 3,100 B.C. Ethiopia still included three-fourths of Egypt, or up to twenty-nine degrees North parallel. The Asians held the Delta region hence "The Two Lands" - well known to all historians but never fully explained. (To explain the Two Lands," of course, would blast the myth about the builders of Egyptian Civilization.)

It was pointed out that the study of Blacks must begin in Egypt because most of their indestructible monuments are there: and, further, because many of the artifacts archaeologists have been uncovering during the past seventy-five years as "Egyptian" are in fact "African." Yet the very Heartland of the Race" and the cradle of civilization were actually further south below the First Cataract, centered around the capital cities of Zapata and Meroe. From there black civilization spread north, reaching its most spectacular achievements in what became known as "Egyptian Civilization."

As late as the 1840's and 50s these explorers, even the most ignorant, should have known that in the same vast continent of wastelands, (remember Europeans had just started to bathe and were starting into the 2nd Dark Ages w/their rule over the world -- Their age of "Enlightenment" was a setback) tropical rain forests and swamplands, there were also areas of arable land and civilized states. But they wrote about what they saw the most of: vast stretches of wasteland and secluded groups of "strange people."

"................Fragmentation and isolation had two momentous consequences. The first was that the isolation of various groups led to the development of over to thousand different dialects and languages (Remember, you spoke on ISOLATION).... The second fateful outcome was that the rise of all these tongues widened the gulf between the Blacks that territorial distances had already achieved. One should pause here for reflection if there is any serious attempt to really understand "what" happened to the "African" people and "why." For even without the aid of Western writers in emphasizing the language differences and the cultural variations and attempting to show how unrelated the Blacks were, they, in time, came to consider themselves unique with each society not only independent of the other but independent of its enemy, if only potentially. Disunity and mutual suspicion became an African way of life. Small chiefdom's sprang up everywhere, often no more than a village of one or two hundred people. Africa, therefore, presented itself to Asia and Europe as the ideal land for exploitation, enslavement and conquest.


NATURE JOINS THE ATTACK:

"The question of physiology, vegetation, climate, water, and soil are all more crucial in the history of the Blacks than they are in the case of any other people. For here a whole continent is involved, and on that continent a people who, in one period of time, were among the foremost people on earth, and in a later period, the farthest behind. Nature itself set an environmental stage in a manner and under conditions which appear to have been designed to test to the utmost one race's moral, intellectual and physical powers to override all obstacles to survival.

The slow but relentlessly steady withdrawal of inhabitable land over the centuries eventually left Africa a land of desolation, a wasteland, the greater part of which was desert and treeless grassland with only a fractional part, about ten percent, with the much needed forests and thickets. Even the continental land configuration was against it native inhabitants. Like a vast inclined plane, the highlands, beginning in Central Africa at 3,000 feet above sea level, rose southward to higher and higher levels, reaching the highest level of 15,000 feet in the southeastern provinces of the ancient Ethiopian empire. This caused Africa to slope northward and its principle, the Nile in particular, to flow in the same direction. ...for the greatest of their rivers, the Nile, played still another tragic joke on its people. This river, the longest in the world, flows 4,127 miles across Africa from Lake Nyanza to the Mediterranean. Yet not until it reaches Assuan (Aswan) and begins its last stretch of 750 miles to the sea does it overflow to further enrich 13,500 square miles of already fertile soil in Egypt! For its 3,377 miles through the heart of Black Africa, the Nile sank as it cut deep canyon in its soft limestone floor, leaving cliffs at places from a few hundred to a thousand fee high. What this means is that for over 3,000 miles through the eastern side of the continent the Nile was collecting the rich soil carried to it by the heavy rains and a thousand tributary streams. These flow into the "Mother of Rivers" and add to the enrichment of its waters flowing northward, "guarded" all the way by her deep channels until it reaches the hard sandstone bottom above Assuan and then gives its periodic overflow the rest of the way to the sea! Here, a natural phenomenon cheated the Africans in a big way that was to have dire consequences. There could be no black "Daughter of the Nile." observed Parsons in his Streams of History. For the Nile, in making Upper Ethiopia (Egypt) so rich in food production that it became world famous not only as the "Bread Basket of the World," but also for its highly advanced civilization, stirred the envy of Asia and Europe -- from which continents migrants began to settle.


PRE-CONDITIONS FOR PROGRESS:

There must be a number of preconditions without which the genius of any people for thinking, inventing, discovering and building will be inhibited or eventually die under extreme circumstances.

A few of these pre-conditions for progress are: (1) The people must become famine-free and able to settle down and end their perennial roaming from place to place in search of food and water. (2) Finding suitable territory, the leaders must proceed, through negotiations with other neighboring societies and fragmented groups, to nation-building. (3) A crucial pre-condition: There must be developed a sense of national community among the various language groups that make up the country. This is so important that it can not be left to wishful thinking or change. It must be programmed in such a way that a sense of loyalty and of being an important part of a great united brother-sisterhood, which is the nation itself, will develop naturally and allow (4) a strong army for defense, and (5) the reign of law and justice to apply equally to all classes in society. The people must feel absolutely secure as individuals, that in their country there is equal justice for all.

There is nothing mystical about the reasons why one group of people can easily become physically and mentally strong while another becomes physically weak and less mentally alert. An abundance of nutritious food and pure drinking water may spell the difference between advance and decay. The number of death-dealing disease developing from malnutrition alone is alarming. But hat should be stressed above everything else is that millions of babies may become both physically and mentally retarded by disease while in their mother's wombs -- which is another way of saying that a people wholly ignorant or indifferent to basic health can themselves become inferior in fact. But even this central fact, when fully realized, will still remain in the field or mere discussion until Blacks everywhere begin mass organization for mass education for the masses. The system is so structured, worldwide, that Blacks are forced into conditions that can even lead to genetic inferiority. There must be a breakthrough or there will be gradual extinction. This is the final precondition for survival and advancement.


THE CONQUEST OF THE BLACKS OF RELIGION:

..Other invaders found penetration easy under the banner of Religion.
Full advantage was taken of the fact that Africans are a very religious people. First came the Crescent flag of the Prophet. The Islamic advance was three-pronged: proselytizing missions claiming one brotherhood, widespread intermarriages and concubinage with African women, due to the Muslim system of polygamy, and forceful conversions at sword point. The Cross of Jesus Christ followed the Muslim Crescent. The cloak of Christianity was a most convenient hiding place for those who had other designs. Hence, the drive to convert. Conversion here meant far more than conversion to Christianity. As in the case of Islam, it meant change into the white man's image, his "ideas" and value system.

But what happened in the process of converting the Blacks to Islam and Christianity was the supreme triumph of the white world over the black. Millions of Africans became non-Africans. Africans who were neither Muslims nor Christians were classed as "pagans" and therefore required to disavow their whole culture and to regard practically all African institutions as "backward" or savage. The blacks in their own right became non-persons, members of a race of nobodies, so hopeless that self-realization as personalities, even in a subordinate status, could only be achieved by becoming Muslims or Christians. Indeed, in order to destroy completely not only their African heritage, but also their very African identity psychologically, they were forced to change their names to Arabic and Christian names. Henceforth, if these Black Emils, Johns, Muhammads, Samuels, and Abdullahs happened to achieve greatness in some field, the assumption would be that it was Caucasian achievement, unless a special effort was made to identify the race of the persons in questions. Blacks at home in Africa and blacks scattered over the world bore the names of their enslavers and oppressors, the ultimate in self-effacement that promoted a self-hatred which made pride in the race difficult. That these psychological shackles will handicap not only the rebirth of modern African states, but also Blacks everywhere, should be obvious to all.

1. The Africans were largely a peaceful people engaged in agriculture, mining trades, fishing, the arts, crafts of various kinds and manufacturing such things as pottery, furniture, building, materials, boats, weapons of war, etc.
2. These settled states and their generally highly developed social and political systems indicate their advanced civilization.
3. But they were ill-prepared for war, except against their neighbors, who also used the kind of spears bows and arrows which we had abandoned long since.
4. In general, they have no swiftly moving, mounted soldiers. Once hundred of our dashing cavalrymen with fire-powder could put 10,000 of them to flight.
5. They area secretive people. For while they are fully aware of the great mineral wealth of the continent, they use it in a very limited way, mainly for personally adornment, and have no desire to open up to foreigners for world commerce that would greatly benefit them.
6. Finally, the whole of Africa could, with a few exceptions, be progressively taken over simply by picking off one small state after another.

Ethiopia's Oldest Daughter: Egypt (Khemet)

Egypt, as pointed out before, was the north-eastern region of ancient Ethiopia. The six cataracts of the Nile were the great watermarks in the heartland of the Blacks from whence African culture spread over the continent, but nowhere was it pronounced as in Khemet. The northern sector of the Ethiopian empire had been the object of world attention from the earliest times. The fact was that it was in the center of the crossroads from all directions leading into Africa from Asia and Europe. This also explains how the Asians came to occupy and control a fourth of Egypt (Lower Khemet) before the unification of the "Two Lands," in the third millennium B.C. With the relentless spread of the desert and the attending scarcity of arable land, there was a heavier concentration of Africans in the Nile delta and valley, the areas with the richest soil in the empire. The great agricultural system that was developed along the overflowing Nile was one of the sources of the wealth so support the great cultural advances. The other was gold mines below the First Cataract. This as also the magnet that drew Caucasian peoples from many lands. As these increased in number and variety, the undermining of black power was accelerated.

Africa was the "Cradle of Civilization" meant exactly that. These Blacks developed one of the oldest written languages. The Egyptian language was an African language with later Asiatic influence similar to that of Arabic or the African language known as Swahili. And it was a totally destroyed and replaced by a non-indigenous tongue as were other African creations. Nothing better marked the increasing cleavage between the Blacks and their "half-brothers" beyond the cataracts than this linguistic nationalism, the refusal of the retreating Blacks to use the Asianized Egyptian tongue.

The melting pot of the races began around the northern perimeter. The end result was always the same. The Blacks were pushed so the bottom of the social, economic and political ladder whenever and wherever the Asians and their mulatto off springs gained control.


THE MULATTO PROBLEM:

The recent revival of "Black is beautiful" is no more than that, a revival.
The great majority of ancient Blacks took great pride in their color, and their resistance to amalgamation may be so interpreted. For one thing they had observed in Egypt was that a dynasty, beginning as all-black, could remain unbroken over generations and still in the end become near-white in color with not a black face in the royal lineage.

Since the first to be called Egyptians exclusively were half-African and half-Asian, their general hostility to their mothers' race was a social phenomenon that should not be passed over lightly, even though that development followed a universal pattern and, therefore, was not peculiar to the Egyptians... The invading conquerors not only capture and control all political and economic power by military might, but, even though they might be nomadic barbarians, they generally claim to be from a higher civilization and, therefore, reinforce the myth of being superior in fact, and not just because of military conquests.

"...so anxious were some of these early Blacks for "integration" with the Asians that they themselves did most in creating the new breed of Egyptians who were to become their mortal enemies. For in an all-out effort to appease the invaders, they freely gave their daughters and other desirable females as gifts to become concubines, thus spreading up the reproduction processes on an ever-widening scale. Nor did this lessen the wholesale capture of women in raids on African villages for the same purpose and for export to Asia.

The "master race" always kept its own women to go outside except under guard. African women had no such restrictions or protection. They were fair game for the men of all races, and for them it was always open season.

First of all, they were mainly the sons and daughters of white European-Asian fathers. These fathers recognized them as such and, in general proudly. (Willie-Lynch System in U.S.) And since they claim superiority over the Africans, their half-African off springs considered themselves to be a superior breed also. These Afro-Asian off springs were given preferential treatment, positions of authority, wealth according to the status of their patrilineal family, and an education that could draw on Asian culture as well as the highly advanced African civilization in Upper Egypt and southwards to the "Land of the Gods."

Another situation that was a most potent factor in the half-breeds attitude towards their mothers' race was that, more often than not, their mothers were concubinage slaves.

To prove how truly Asian they were, the mixed Egyptians made hatred of Africans a ritual, and tried to surpass the whites in raiding for the slaves in all-African areas. Various Afro-Eurasians who became Egyptian kings declared "eternal warfare" against the Blacks and vowed to enslave the entire race...."

The real challenge was standing there in monuments of stone which the Blacks had built on a scale that had withstood all passing ages.

To meet this challenge, the Asians and their Afro-Asian off springs set about to do three (3) things:
1. They destroyed everything left by the Africans that indicated African superiority.
2. Where the temples, monuments, etc., were of such beauty and durability that destruction was less desirable than claiming the achievements as their own, African inscriptions were systematically erased and replaced with Asian and new Egyptian inscriptions that give to themselves the credit for whatever achievements there were. Sometimes the inscriptions were so deeply engraved that effacement was impossible; so the workmen would have to conceal these by building stone casings around them.

These early African builders had been most exasperating, leaving their statues everywhere -- flat noses, thick lips and all. Hundreds of statuettes were carved in various dynasties.

One troublesome fact was that most of the greatest kings and queens of Egypt were Black Africans; so great, indeed, that their names were richly spread over pages that glorified the Egyptian past --- their names, but not their African identity. In history these Blacks are simply Egyptians and not Cushites, Ethiopians,k or Nubians. This is still another technique for deliberately "losing track" of African history. But the archaeologist spades just kept turning up statuettes and some remarkable portraits that frustrated some scholars while others felt challenged and replied with a heavy artillery of misleading words and phrases. Regardless of what the field investigators found, the main work of reconstructing African history in the twentieth century is still in the hands of those who degraded it, white hands who still have the power to shape it as they will. Finally, the great revolt of white slaves (Mamelukes) in 1250 A.D., and their murderous onslaughts against their Turk and Arab masters ended forever the general enslavement of whites, and thereafter led to a concentration on the enslavement of only Blacks. This changed the course of history and came to make the myth of racial superiority-inferiority, master and slave, appear to be a visible reality. Even the slaves would realize that their actual situation was one of inferiority.


WHITE DEVILS FROM THE WEST:

Before the sixteenth century most Africans on the continent had never seen a real white face. Since in many societies all devils and other evil spirits were white, the ritual toward these off was always led by chanting dancers who faces and bodies were hideously painted with white chalk. That there were in fact white humans -- living white devils -- was unbelievable (probably few reports are better known than those of first contact where the boldest of the unbelievers would venture to rub the skin of whites to see if the "paint" would come off)

The Portuguese were the first white European people to arrive in West and Central Africa. (During 1488) They were not long in adopting the Arab strategy in dividing the Blacks against themselves -- a strategy since adopted by all white people.


IMPORTANT FACTS: The Earliest Judicial System

In the chief less sates the function of the "elders (el meaning God) was wholly advisory. For this reason they rarely every met as a council. A council meeting might be called by the Senior Elder in case of extreme emergency. Matters involving members of the same family or clan could be settled by the family council, each family or clan having its own elder. Conflicts between families or clans could be brought before any mutually acceptable elder for settlement. the elders judgment was not binding on the parties to the dispute. This was the constitutional theory. If the case was "big" and serious and the disputants were dissatisfied with the elders decision regarding it, they could call in one or more additional elders to hear and pass on the case. Their decision was also advisory and could be disregarded by the parties to the action. Yes, the elders' advisory judgments could be ignored under ancient African constitutional law. Yet under practical operation of that same constitution (con/game) the disputants could ignore their elders' judgment only at their peril. For to ignore the elders was considered to be ignoring the community itself. The only exceptions to this were those cases where the elder or elders rendered an obviously bad decision. Even then it was not left to the contestants to say whether the judgment was good or bad. The community decided, because the community was thought be be represented in the ever-present crowd at such hearings. They, the people present, always indicated their attitude by expressions and nods of approval or disapproval of decisions reached.

In the chief less society the elders were the overseers of land distribution to families. Each family policed itself, each age group, policed itself, so that there was little or nothing that the community as a whole had to do. Each group elected its own leaders. These met with other age -grade leaders on community matters that cut across age-grade lines.

It was therefore in the societies without chiefs or kings where African democracy was born and where the concept that the people are sovereign was as natural as breathing. And this is why in "traditional" Africa the rights of the individual never came over the rights of the community. The laws were "natural laws," and order and justice prevailed because the society could not otherwise survive. Theirs was, in fact, a government of the people; their was, in fact, not a theory, but a government by the people: and it was , in fact, a government for the people. That this kind of government did "pass from the earth" is another fact we now call "modern progress."

Hope this information was helpful.

peggy

Let's Talk!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


BLACK SEPARATISTS -
WHO ARE THEY?

The simple truth is that the African people in the United States and throughout the world are not, and never have been, separatists in fact. Perhaps this has been their WEAKNESS. They have never really HATED the WHITES, and they do not really hate WHITES NOW. What is taken for "hatred," when applied to Blacks, is their reaction against being hated, rejected and opressed. And the thinking whites know thi very well. When they cry, "racism in reverse!" or "reverse discrimination" and "reverse segreagtion," they are saying, in effect, that "Only e hitea may discriminate or segregate -- but not you Blacks! All-white organizations that exclude Blacks everywhere are normal and proper from the white perspective, but an all-Black organization including the whites? Perish the thought! Whites flee en masses from cities throughout the nation to avoid integrated schools and fiar housing laws. Theae are the real separatists, not the Blacks who never fled from the whites at all. Yet those Blacks who said, "Let them go! Let us not pursue them. Let us stay where we are, stand on our own feet as men and women, and begin to build and improve our own schools and communities." These, not the whites, are denounced as "separatists" or Black Nationalists."

The question which Blacks must answer and act on, or remain forever exactly where they are, is how can a minority group (we are not the minority, reality is we are the majority) IN a situation distinctly different from that of any other minority, successfully live and develop happily in an overwhelmingly white society? This is the question that faces us squarely in the critical times at the Crossroads. And the decision must be taken as a race, and by the race, rather than by self-appointed leaders.



Peggy D. Middleton




A RECENT GLIMMER OF HOPE: MAKES YOU WANNA HOLLA!


http://thinkonthesethings.wordpress.com/2008/02/06/video-interview.
_________________
PAN AFRIKA HOUSE RETREAT - Ghana
http://www.Info-ghana.com/panaf_house.htm

[Black Lotus]

I'm actually re-reading this book now. Very crucial for mental liberation.

Hotep

[ngonea]

Greetings,

Thanks for your reply, glad to know that powerful book is being studied, The post was contributed by a good friend of mine Peggy who is not a member of this forum, just want to acknowledge her for her work in sharing the excerpts.

Perhaps during these challenging times there will be a resurgence of Black Culture and History.
I hope so, because if we do not learn from our history we are doomed to repeat it.

Best Wishes,
Ngon'e
_________________
PAN AFRIKA HOUSE RETREAT - Ghana
http://www.Info-ghana.com/panaf_house.htm